Long before modern punk used an aggressive, anti-establishment ethos and raw energy to rebel against the status quo, the 19th c. School of Madrid Romanticism utilised its paintbrushes to launch a fierce visual insurrection against the state-approved elite art world. Rather than escaping into idealised historical myths or sterile neoclassicism, these painters confronted the volatile, gritty realities of their immediate surroundings.
Execution by Garrote [El garrote vil]
Eugenio Lucas Velázquez (1817–1870) painted this artwork in Madrid, Spain, in 1860. Produced during a mature period when he was heavily preoccupied with the darkest thematic elements of Spanish history, he created this piece entirely independent of institutional patrons.








