Late 19th Century Spanish Orientalist Painters of Landscapes, Cultures & Costumes

IN THIS LECTURE, we will explore the 19th-century Spanish painters who made their mark on the genre of Orientalism. Through the artworks studied, you will learn about the fascinating culture and costumes of the Moroccan culture as fantasized and also recorded by the Spanish, during this era. Please read the Introduction before the lecture so that you are prepared. 

INTRODUCTION 

Orientalist painting in Spain was sparked by inquisitiveness about Morocco. This attraction was for obvious reasons. Firstly, the fact that Spain was close to Morocco. Secondly, the “African War” of 1859-1860, a dispute between Spain and Morocco that hinged on the unrelenting attacks of Berber tribesmen on Spanish settlements in North Africa, especially Ceuta and Melilla, on the north coast. Spain declared war on Morocco on 22 October 1859 and bombed the city of Tétouan (Arabic/ Berber) or Tetuán (Spanish) for two days and then entered the fight until the Treaty of Wad-Ras on 26 April 1860.

19th Century Madrilenian school of Romanticism

In this class, we will learn about the Madrilenian School of Romanticism who followed a style originated by Francisco Goya.

Instructor: Karla Ingleton Darocas, Hons. B.A. Fine Arts

The 18th Century Rise & Fall of the Rococo Style in Spain

In this class will look at the historical transformations that gave rise to the Rococo style in 18th century Spain. We will analyze the characteristics of the Rococo style and where in Spain it can still be seen today. Explored will be the materials used to achieve its stylish designs, found both in architecture and interiors and also what ornamental themes were popular. We will also examine the shift in colour palettes, themes and painting materials used to achieve the distinction derived in Rococo artworks.

INTRODUCTION by Karla Darocas

Under the new French crown, Spain began its transformation with the reign of Felipe V (1700-1746). This first Bourbon King decided to take some small steps towards engaging in the Enlightenment movement. 

EVOLUTION 17c Spanish Profane Baroque . Zoom Class - 28TH or 30TH of January

ABOUT THIS ZOOM LESSON

In this class, we will study the great Spanish Baroque painters who created Profane art that had aesthetic appeal in a non-religious context. We will look at paintings that neither denied or affirmed the existence of God, but focused on human agency. 

The term comes from the Latin compound profanum, literally meaning before or out­side the temple. Profane is also called Secular art because it can be defined as art that has no religious reference points. 
In its most general sense, it means that which is not holy, or that which does not pertain to a place marked off or an object related to religious practice.

Through the study of the art, poetry, philosophy, and science of ancient Greece and Rome, Renaissance humanists revived the notion that man, rather than God, is the measure of all things. The dependence on the Church gave away to the confidence that humans can shape their own individual destinies and the future of the world. 

As the whole of European society was moving away from the dominance of the church, 17th c. Spanish artists started turning towards the profane, depicting ordinary mundane scenes and objects to sell to merchants and enlightened patrons, as another source of revenue.  

We will explore the 17th c Spanish paintings and painters who made money from their profane art by looking and analyzing Mythological themes, Oddities of Nature,  Philosophers and Bodegón still life themes in this class and Historical themes, Portraits and Landscapes in another. 

Fill your mind and your senses...

Karla Ingleton Darocas, Hons.B.A. Fine Arts
KarlaDarocas.com 

TOLEDO - History & Architecture - Lecture & Slideshow on ZOOM

The History and Architecture of Toledo before the Catholic Monarchs is rich and expressive. 

Toledo was an important city center to the Celtic Carpetanian tribes until the conquest of the Romans in 193 bc. After the Germanic invasions who expelled the Romans, Toledo would become the capital and main ecclesiastical seat of the Visigothic Kingdom. 

In the year 711, Toledo was conquered by the Muslims, whose rule ended with the taking of the city in 1085 by Alfonso VI. The Middle Ages is when the Jewish community of Toledo was the most populous and rich of the Kingdom of Castile. 

They coexisted for centuries, more or less peacefully, with Muslims and Christians, until the Catholic Monarchs reformations of 1492.

 

JOSÉ de RIBERA: The Baroque Master of Grace and Grandeur

This class will cover the complete works of José de Ribera, along with the history of the artist and his times. Ribera is considered one of the finest late Spanish Renaissance painters who didn't even live in Spain.

Ribera was born in Xativa, near Valencia as Jusepe de Ribera (1591-1652). He studied with the Valencian painter, Francisco Ribalta (1565-1628) before heading to Italy; first Parma, Padua, and probably Venice and then Rome from 1613-16.

ISABELLA I * SPAIN'S GOTHIC WARRIOR QUEEN

In this class, we analyse, investigate and marvel at the life and times of this Gothic warrior Queen of Castile, Isabella I.

She was the driving force of 15th-century Spanish culture and politics. Also known as Isabel la Católica, a title granted to her by Pope Alexander VI, Isabella reorganized the governmental system, brought the crime rate to the lowest it had been in years, unburdened the kingdom of its enormous debt, completed the "Reconquista" by taking the rest of Spain for the Spanish crown, ordered the conversion or exile of Muslim and Jewish citizens, and financially supported Christopher Columbus's in his 1492 voyage that led to the opening of the New World establishing Spain as the first global superpower, which dominated Europe and much of the world for more than a century.

TRIBUTE TO VICTORIOUS VALENCIA CITY

This class explores the vast array of architectural treasures in the grand city of Valencia making it a very special place since the time of the Romans. It really excels with the wealth of traders, nobles and royalty in the medieval era.  The marvelous manifestation of man and creation come to life in the facades and interiors of churches, convents, monasteries and secular buildings and palaces of Valencia city branding it as the 2nd most important city in Spain. 

THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRIDE OF VALENCIAN GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

This class explores the most well preserved and famous examples of Valencian Gothic temples and civic buildings in the province. Valencian Gothic architecture developed during the 14th century and reached its maturity and maximum expression in the 15th century, showcasing its own artistic style and characteristics, which developed and grew based on existing Mediterranean constructive systems and architectural arrangements already used by the Romans and Arabs rather than adopt the novel architectural styles from northern France.

BENISSA HAS A NEO-GOTHIC TREASURE

Discover Benissa, a hidden gem tucked away on the Costa Blanca. To truly experience its charm, park your car in the lot behind town, step out, and let the adventure begin.

At the heart of Benissa lies a true architectural marvel: the Iglesia de la Puríssima Xiqueta. This neo-Gothic masterpiece, proudly called the "Church of the Pure Girl," stands as a testament to the town's deep-rooted faith and collective effort. While its name poetically references the Virgin Mary, its structure tells a story of revival and resilience.

For architecture enthusiasts, this is no ordinary Gothic church—it’s a neo-Gothic interpretation. Built between 1902 and 1929, its towering spires and intricate details reflect the community's dedication, both spiritually and financially.

The neo-Gothic style, inspired by medieval Gothic architecture, emerged as a romantic response to the rapid industrialization of the 19th century, idealizing the simplicity and unity of medieval society. Why did Benissa embrace this nostalgic style over others, like the Renaissance? Perhaps it was a deliberate nod to tradition in a changing world.

Whatever the reason, the Iglesia de la Puríssima Xiqueta now stands as a beacon of Benissa's rich history and enduring beauty, waiting to captivate all who visit.

Report by Karla Ingleton Darocas, Hons. B.A.
(c) No part of this text or photographs may be reproduced.

Many of the church’s external decorative elements stay true to the pure Gothic style, lending it an air of medieval splendor. Look closely at the pinnacles, those delicate, tower-like structures that grace the edges of the building, adding both elegance and a sense of verticality. Above it all, the crown completes the façade, a striking symbol of architectural ambition and devotion. These intricate details make the Iglesia de la Puríssima Xiqueta a feast for the eyes and a treasure for those who appreciate the artistry of neo-Gothic design.

In true Gothic tradition, the Iglesia de la Puríssima Xiqueta, with its twin bell towers, soars toward the heavens, a testament to both faith and architectural ambition.

The church’s structural integrity relies on a series of buttresses, which gracefully support the rectangular, three-nave design, combining functionality with aesthetic beauty.

Dominating the façade is a magnificent rose window, a hallmark of Gothic cathedrals. This intricate feature serves as both a source of light and a spiritual symbol. Below the rose window lies a decorative blind arcade, an elegant series of arches applied to the surface of the wall purely for ornamentation, adding depth and texture to the structure.

Each of these elements, from the reaching towers to the delicate masonry, contributes to the timeless allure of this neo-Gothic masterpiece.

One of the most captivating features of the Iglesia de la Puríssima Xiqueta is its striking octagonal crown, a design steeped in symbolism. The number eight, often associated with renewal and harmony, lends a mystical quality to the structure. This crown is further adorned with elegant pinnacles, adding a touch of Gothic grandeur.

Illuminating the church's dome in the transept are eight stunning Gothic windows, their light casting a celestial glow during ceremonies. This dome, a unique architectural element, becomes a visual and spiritual centerpiece, symbolizing the divine music that resonates through the church during sacred events. It’s a harmonious blend of light, sound, and faith that leaves a lasting impression on all who enter.

The lancet windows are a classic feature of Gothic design, characterized by their tall, slender form and pointed arches at the top. Their name, "lancet," derives from their resemblance to a lance or spear, evoking a sense of elegance and precision. These windows not only enhance the verticality of the Iglesia de la Puríssima Xiqueta but also allow light to filter through in a way that feels both serene and transcendent, creating an atmosphere of divine grace within the church.

The video below tells the story of the altar and the relic that guides the Church's mysterious traditions. It also shows some impressive aerial views of this cathedral and some of the painted polychrome sculptures.

PICASSO'S PERVASIVE MOTHER AND CHILD PAINTINGS

One of the most enduring and frequently depicted themes in the history of art—especially in the Western tradition—is the image of the mother and child. The earliest recorded and most iconic representation is the Byzantine image of Mary and Jesus, revered for centuries by both the Catholic and Orthodox churches.

Raised in a Catholic household, Picasso understood the emotional weight and spiritual resonance of this motif. The mother and child theme appears throughout his entire career, each version shaped by the particular style or visual language he was exploring at the time. These pieces are among my personal favourites, as they reveal his evolving approach while staying rooted in a deeply human connection.

Let’s explore a few of these works and consider how Picasso infused this timeless subject with his own artistic transformations.

** Report by Karla Darocas, Hon. B.A. (KarlaDarocas.com)
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PRETTY PALACE GANDIA INVITES DETAILED INSPECTION

One of the most important monuments in the city of Gandia is The Ducal Palace. It is a treasure chest of mind blowing artifacts deemed with legendary stories and adventures!

This palace showcases four distinctive periods of architecture from Gothic to Renaissance, Baroque to Neo-Gothic styles.

You can feel the grandeur of being in an elite family home. Wealth invites the arts to decorate and record and this palace has it all!

So, let's get started with a detailed inspection of this glorious place...